Define MTSS and its relationship to RTI.

• A. MTSS is a layered framework of supports to optimize student learning; RTI is a process used within MTSS to provide early measurement and intervention.
• B. MTSS is only for behavior, RTI is exclusively for reading.
• C. RTI is a substitute for MTSS.
• D. MTSS replaces RTI.

Answer: (C)

MTSS is a layered framework of supports designed to optimize student learning, delivering universal supports to all students and adding targeted and intensive interventions as needed. RTI is the data-driven process used within that framework to screen students early, monitor progress, and adjust instruction and interventions based on how students respond.

In practice, schools use universal screening and regular progress monitoring to identify students who are not meeting benchmarks. If a student shows risk, they receive increasingly intensive supports within the same MTSS structure, with decisions guided by data. RTI isn’t a separate system or a substitute; it’s the mechanism inside MTSS that drives decisions about when to intensify or modify supports. MTSS itself isn’t limited to behavior; it covers both academics and behavior, across all content areas.